SOIL MICROMORPHOLOGY REFERENCES -
SAMPLING, SAMPLE PREPARATION and GENERAL MICROSCOPY
Prepared by
Richard Drees
Dept. Soil & Crop Sciences
Texas A&M University
College Station, TX 77843
E-mail rdrees@tamu.edu
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Table of Contents
Griffiths, J.C. 1967. Scientific methods in analysis of
sediments. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York.
Milfred, C.J., F.D. Hole, and J.H. Torrie. 1967. Sampling for
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variability and sampling concepts on soil porosity studies in
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Soil Survey Staff. 1992. Soil survey laboratory methods manual.
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Vepraskas, M.J., M.T. Hoover, and J. Bouma. 1991. Sampling
strategies for assessing hydraulic conductivity and water-
conducting voids in saprolite. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55:165-170.
Wilding, L.P. and L.R. Drees. 1983. Spatial variability and
pedology. p. 83-116. In L.P. Wilding, N.E. Smeck and G.F. Hall
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Wolcott, J. and M. Church. 1991. Strategies for sampling
spatially heterogeneous phenomena: the example of river gravels.
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Chartres, C.J., A.J. Ringrose-Voase, and M. Raupach. 1989. A
comparison between acetone and dioxane and explanation of their
role in water replacement in undisturbed soil samples. J. Soil
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Moran, C.J., A.B. McBratney, A.J. Ringrose-Voase, and C.J.
Chartres. 1989. A method for the dehydration and impregnation of
clay soil. J. Soil Sci. 40:569-585.
Murphy, C.P. 1982. A comparative study of three methods of water
removal prior to resin impregnation of two soils. J. Soil Sci.
33:719-735.
Murphy, C.P. 1985. Faster methods of liquid-phase acetone
replacement of water from soils and sediments prior to resin
impregnation. Geoderma 35:39-45.
Ashley, G.M. 1973. Impregnation of fine-grained sediments with a
polyester resin: A modification of Altemuler's method. J.
Sediment. Petrol. 43:298-301.
ASTM. 1988. Standard practice for petrographic examination of
hardened concrete. No. C856-83. p. 410-422. In ASTM Annual Book
of Standards.
Baker, C.E. and T.S. Reynolds. 1984. Preparing doubly polished
sections of temperature sensitive sedimentary rocks. J. Sediment.
Petrol. 54:635-636.
Brewer, R., J.R. Sleeman, and R.C. Foster. 1983. The fabric of
Australian soils. p. 439-476. In Soils: an Australian viewpoint.
CSIRO Division of soils. Academic Press, London.
Boul, S.W. and D.M. Fadness. 1961. A new method of impregnating
fragil material for thin sectioning. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc.
25:253.
Bourbeau, G.A., and K.C. Berger. 1947. Thin sections of soils and
friable materials prepared by impregnation with plastic
"Castolite." Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 12:409-412.
Bullock, P., P.J. Loveland, and C.P.Murphy. 1975. A technique for
selective solution of iron oxides in thin sections of soil. J.
Soil Sci. 26:247-249.
Cady, J.G., L.P. Wilding and L.R. Drees. 1986. Petrographic
microscopic techniques. p. 185-218. In A. Klute (ed.) Methods of
soil analysis, Part 1. Physical and mineralogical methods.
Agronomy Monograph no. 9 (2nd Ed.). Am. Soc. Agron., Madison.
Cent, J. and R. Brewer. 1971. Preparation of thin sections of
soil materials using synthetic resins. CSIRO (Aust.) Division of
Soils, Tech. Paper. No. 7.
Conway, J.S. 1982. A simplified method for impregnation of soils
and similar clay-rich sediments. J. Sediment. Petrol. 52:650-651.
Crevello, P.D., J.M. Rine, and D.E. Lanesky. 1981. A method for
impregnating unconsolidated cores and slabs of calcareous and
terrigenous muds. J. Sediment. Petrol. 51:658-660.
Fox, C.A., R.K. Guertin, E. Dickson, S. Sweeney, R. Protz and
A.R. Mermut. 1993. Micromorphological methodology for inorganic
soils. p. 683-709. In M.R.Carver (ed.) Soil Sampling and methods
of analysis. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton.
Fox, C.A. and L.E. Parent. 1993. Micromorphological methodology
for organic soils. p. 473-485. In M.R.Carver (ed.) Soil Sampling
and methods of analysis. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton.
Gile, L.H. 1967. A simplified method for preparation of soil thin
sections. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 41:570-572.
Gillott, J.E. 1974. Methods of sample preparation for
microstructure analysis of soils. p. 143-164. In Rutherford, G.K.
(ed). Soil Microscopy. Proceedings of the fourth international
working-meeting on soil micromorphology. The Limestone Press,
Kingston, Ontario.
Gorycki, M.A. 1975. Improved adhesions for petrographic thin
sections. Am. Mineral. 60:719-721.
Guretin, R.K. and G.A. Bourbeau. 1971. Dry grinding of soil thin
sections. Can. J. Soil Sci. 51:243-248.
Hagni, R.D. 1966. The preparation of thin sections of fragmental
materials using epoxy resin. Am. Mineral. 51:1237-1242.
Innes, R.P. and D.J. Pluth. 1970. Thin section preparation using
an epoxy impregnation for petrographic and electron microprobe
analysis. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 34:483-485.
Ireland, H.A. 1971. The preparation of thin sections. p. 367-383.
In R.E. Carver (ed.) Procedures in sedimentary petrology. Wiley
Interscience, New York.
Jim, C.Y. 1985. Impregnation of moist and dry unconsolidated clay
samples using Spurr resin for microstructural studies. J.
Sediment. Petrol. 55:597-599.
Jongerius, A. and G. Heintzberger. 1963. The preparation of
mammoth-sized thin sections. Soil Survey Papers No. 1.
Netherlands Soil Survey Institute, Wageningen.
Langton, J.E. and G. B. Lee. 1965. Preparation of thin sections
from moist organic soil materials. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc.
29:221-223.
Lindholm, R.C. and D.A. Dean. 1972. Ultra-thin thin sections in
carbonate petrology: A valuable tool. J. Sediment. Petrol.43:295-297.
Lockwood, W.N. 1950. Impregnating sandstone specimens with
thermosetting plastics for studies of oil-bearing formations.
Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. 34:2061-2067.
Mackenzie, A.F. and J.E. Dawson. 1961. The preparation and study
of thin sections of wet organic soil materials. J. Soil Sci.
12:142-144.
Middleton, L.T. and M.J. Kraus. 1980. Simple technique for thin-
section preparation of unconsolidated materials. J. Sediment.
Petrol. 50:622-623.
Miedema, R., T.H. Page, and G.J. van de Wall. 1974. A method to
impregnate wet soil samples, producing high-quality thin
sections. Neth. J. Agric. Sci. 22:37-39.
Milligan, G.C. and G.L. Brown. 1973. Mechanical preparation of
thin sections. Can. Mineral. 12:72-75.
Nentwich, F.W. 1994. Proposed accessories for precision grinding
of microscope thin-sections. Microscope 42:181-192.
Nentwich, F.W., and R.W. Yole. 1991. Polished thin section
preparation of fone-grained siliciclastic rocks. J. Sediment.
Petrol. 61: 624-626.
Ney, O.B., D.A. Dean and R.W. Hinds. 1972. Improved thin section
techniques for fossil and recent organics. J. Paleontology.
46:271-275.
Palle, S, D. Chappard, C. Alexandra, and J.B. Orsini. 1985.
Friable rock embedding in methyl methacrylate for thin-sectioning
in geological preparations. J. Micro. 141:193-198.
Ringrose-Voase, A.J. 1991. Micromorphology of soil structure:
Description, quantification, application. Aust. J. Soil Res.
29:777-813.
Sinkankas, J. 1968. High pressure epoxy impregnation of porous
materials for thin-section and microprobe analysis. Am Mineral.
53:339-342.
Takeda H. 1988. A rapid method for preparing thin sections of
soil organic layers. Geoderma 42:159-164.
Thompson, M.L., J.F. McBride, and R. Horton. 1985. Effects of
drying treatments on porosity of soil materials. Soil Sci. Soc.
Am. J. 49:1360-1364.
Tippkotter, R., K. Ritz, and J.F. Darbyshire. 1986. The preparation of
soil thin sections for biological studies. J. Soil Sci. 37:681-690.
Choquette, P.W. and F.C. Tursell. 1978. A procedure for making
the Tital-yellow stain for Mg-calcite perminent. J. Sediment.
Petrol. 48:639-642.
Dickson, J.A.D. 1965. A modified staining technique for
carbonates in thin section. Nature 205:587.
Evamy, B.D. 1963. The application of a chemical staining
technique to a study of dedolomitisation. Sediment. 2:164-170.
Friedman, G.M. 1959. Identification of carbonate minerals by
staining methods. J. Sediment. Petrol. 29:87-98.
Friedman, G.M. 1971. Staining. p. 511-530. In R.E. Carver (ed).
Procedures in sedimentary petrology. John Wiley & Sons New York.
Gardner, K.L. 1980. Impregnation technique using colored epoxy to
define porosity in petrographic thin sections. Can. J. Earth Sci.
17:1104-1107.
Gross, D.L. and S.R. Moran. 1970. A technique for the rapid
determination of the light minerals of detrital sands. J.
Sediment. Petrol. 40:759-761.
Houghton, H.F. 1980. Refined techniques for staining plagioclase
and alkali feldspars in thin section. J. Sediment. Petrol.
50:629-631.
Lindholm, R.C. and R.B. Finkelman. 1972. Calcite staining:
Semiquantitative determination of ferrous iron. J. Sediment.
Petrol. 42:239-242.
Morris, W.J. 1985. A convenient method of acid etching. J.
Sediment. Petrol. 55:600.
Muller, G. 1967. Methods in sedimentary petrology. Hafner Pub.
Co., New York. (section 3.52)
Norman, M.B. 1974. Improved techniques for selective staining of
feldspar and other minerals using amaranth. U.S. Geol. Survey, J.
Res. 2:73-79.
Poole, A.B. and A. Thomas. 1975. A staining technique for the
identification of sulfates in aggregates and concretes. Mineral.
Mag. 40:315-316.
Postma, J. and H.J. Altemuller. 1990. Bacteria in thin sections
stained with the fluorescent brightener calcoflur white M2R. Soil
Biol. Biochem. 22:89-96.
Ruzyla, K. and D.I. Jezek. 1987. Staining method for recognition
of pore space in thin and polished sections. J. Sediment. Petrol.
57:777-778.
Soeder, D.J. 1990. Applications of fluorescent microscopy to
study of pores in tight rocks. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull.
74:30-40.
Warne, S. St. J. 1962. A quick field or laboratory staining
technique for the differentiation of the major carbonate
minerals. J. Sediment. Petrol. 32:29-38.
Yanguas, J.E. and J.J. Dravis. 1985. Blue fluorescent dye
technique for recongition of microporosity in sedimentary rocks.
J. Sediment. Petrol. 55:600-602.
(Many of these books have chapters or articles on sampling,
sample preparation, and interpretation of results. See the book
index for items of interest)
Bisdom, E.B.A. (ed). 1981. Submicroscopy of soils and weathered
rocks. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation,
Wageningen.
Bisdom, E.B.A. and J. Dudoux (eds). 1983. Submicroscopic studies
of soils. Developments in soil science Vol 12. Elsevier Science
Publishing Co. Inc., New York. (reprinted in Geoderma, vol 30,
1983).
Brewer, R. 1976. Fabric and mineral analysis of soils. Robert E.
Krieger Pub. Co., Huntington, New York.
Brewer, R. and J.R. Sleeman. 1988. Soil structure and fabric.
CSIRO Division of Soils, Adelaide.
Bullock, P. and C.P. Murphy (eds). 1983. Soil micromorphology 1:
Techniques and applications. AB Academic Press. Berkhamsted,
Herts. U.K.
Bullock, P. and C.P. Murphy (eds). 1983. Soil micromorphology 2:
Soil genesis. AB Academic Press. Berkhamsted, Herts. U.K.
Bullock, P. et al. (eds). 1985. Handbook for thin section
description. WAINE Research Publications. Albrighton,
Wolverhampton, U.K.
Courty, M.A., P. Goldberg, and R. Macphail. 1989. Soils and
micromorphology in archaeology. Cambridge University Press, New
York.
Douglas, L.A. (ed). 1990. Soil micromorphology: A basic and applied
science. Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc. New York.
Douglas, L.A. and M.L. Thompson (eds). 1985. Soil micromorphology
and soil classification. SSSA Special Publication no. 15. Soil
Sci. Soc. Am., Madison.
Erlin, B. and D.C. Stark (eds). 1990. Petrograpgy applied to
concrete and concrete aggregates. ASTM, Philadelphia.
FitzPatrick, E.A. 1980. The micromorphology of soils. A manual
for the preparation and description of thin sections of soils.
Dept. of Soil Science, Univ, of Aberdeen, U.K.
FitzPatrick, E.A. 1984. Micromorphology of soils. Chapman & Hall,
New York.
FitzPatrick, E.A. 1993. Soil microscopy and micromorphology. John
Wiley & Sons, New York.
Fedoroff, N., L.M. Bresson, and M.A. Courty (eds). 1987. Soil
Micromorphology. Proceedings of the VIIth international working
meeting on soil micromorphology. Association Francaise pour
l'Etude du Sol. Paris.
Fleischer, M., R.E. Wilcox, and J.J. Matzko. 1984. Microscopic
determinations of the nonopaque minerals. U.S. Geol. Survey Bull.
1627. U.S. Gov. Print. Office, Washington, DC.
Humphries, D.W. 1992. The preparation of thin sections of rocks,
minerals, and ceramics. Microscopy Handbooks 24. Oxford
University Press, New York.
Kubiena, W.L. 1938. Micropedology. Collegiate Press, Inc., Ames,
Iowa.
Kubiena, W.L. 1970. Micromorphological features of soil
geography. Rutgers University Press. New Brunswick, NJ.
MacKenzie, W.S. and C. Guilford. 1980. Atlas of rock-forming
minerals in thin section. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Mermut, A.R. (ed). 1987. Micromorphology and submicroscopical
studies of North American soils. Geoderma Vol. 40, Nos. 1-2
(special issue).
Miedema, R. and A.R. Mermut. 1990. Soil micromorphology: an
annotated bibliography 1968-1986. Wallingford: CAB International
for ISSS.
Murphy, C.P. 1986. Thin section preparation of soils and
sediments. AB Academic Publishers. Berkhamsted, Herts, U.K.
Nahon, D. 1991. Introduction to the petrology of soils and
chemical weathering. John Wiley & Sons. New York.
Osmond, D.A. and P. Bullock (eds). 1970. Micromorphological
techniques and applications. Agricultural Research Council, Soil
Survey Technical Monograph No. 2. Harpenden, U.K.
Rutherford, G.K. (ed). 1974. Soil Microscopy. Proceedings of the
fourth international working-meeting on soil micromorphology. The
Limestone Press, Kingston, Ontario.
Scholle, P.A. 1978. A color illustrated guide to carbonate rock
constituents, textures, cements, and porosities. AAPG Memoir 27.
Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., Tulsa.
Scholle, P.A. 1979. A color illustrated guide to constituents,
textures, cements, and porosities of sandstones and associated
rocks. AAPG Memoir 28. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., Tulsa.
Smart, P. and N.K. Tovey. 1981. Electron microscopy of soils and
sediments: examples. Oxford University Press, New York.
Smart, P. and N.K. Tovey. 1982. Electron microscopy of soils and
sediments: techniques. Oxford University Press, New York.
Stoiber, R.E. and S.A. Morse. 1994. Crystal identification with
the polarizing microscope. Chapman & Hall, New York.
Stoops, G. and H. Eswaran (eds). 1986. Soil Micromorphology. Van
Nostrand Reinhold Soil Science Series (a collection of classic
and modern papers).
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